Flash | Page size | Read/byte | Time (page) | Write/byte | Time (page) | Erase size (in pages) | Erase/byte | Time (block) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toshiba 16MB (TC58DVM72A1) | 512+16b | 0.004uJ | - | 0.009uJ | - | 32 | 0.004 | - |
Toshiba 128MB (TC58DVG02A1FT00) | 512+16b | 0.0192uJ | 0.744ms | 0.0436uJ | 0.996ms | 32 | 0.00403uJ | 1.1ms |
Toshiba 128MB (TC58NVG0S3AFT05) | 2048+64b | 0.0195uJ | 5.84ms | 0.0234uJ | 6.4ms | 64 | 0.000252uJ | 1.28ms |
Toshiba 256MB (TC58NVG1S3BFT00) | 2048+64b | 0.0440uJ | 5.84ms | 0.0503uJ | 6.4ms | 64 | 0.000427uJ | 1.710ms |
Toshiba 256MB (TC58NVG1S3BFT10) | 2048+64b | 0.0405uJ | 5.84ms | 0.0464uJ | 6.4ms | 64 | 0.000412uJ | 1.67ms |
ST 128MB (NAND01GW3B2AN6) | 2048+64b | 0.0444uJ | 5.80ms | 0.0566uJ | 6.52ms | 64 | 0.000557uJ | 1.97ms |
Micron 512MB (MT29F4G08BAB) | 2048+64b | 0.0279uJ | 5.84ms | 0.0347uJ | 6.40ms | 64 | 0.000518uJ | 1.84ms |
ST NOR - TelosB (STM25P80) | 256b | 0.0564uJ | 7.48 ms | 0.127uJ | 7.88ms | 256 | 0.185uJ | 1.07s |
Atmel NOR - Mica2 (AT45DB041B) | 256b | 0.26uJ | - | 4.3uJ | - | 1 | 2.36 | - |
Hitachi MMC | 512b | 0.06uJ | - | 0.575uJ | - | 1/16 | 0.47/0.0033 | - |
Some of the flash memories evaluated. The board on the left was fabricated at UMass to test parallel NAND memories, the centre picture is that of a MicaZ mote showing the flash chip and the picture on the right is that of an adapter board fabricated to test MMCs.
We also evaluated the impact of high-capacity, ultra-low power storage on sensor network design. We measure the impact of flash memory trends on three services: communication, in-network data aggregation, and localization. Our measurements show a 50-fold reduction in energy consumption for communication, up-to 10-fold reduction for data aggregation, and a 2.5-fold increase in localization accuracy at low additional energy cost.
Parallel 128MB NAND Flash based Storage board for Mica series motes
Serial 512MB NAND Flash based storage board
Gaurav Mathur, Peter Desnoyers, Deepak Ganesan and
Prashant Shenoy,
Ultra-Low
Power Data Storage for Sensor Networks,
Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN) Track on Sensor Platform, Tools and Design Methods for
Networked Embedded Systems (IPSN-SPOTS), Nashville TN, April 2006.
(Poster: pdf, ppt)
Gaurav Mathur, Peter Desnoyers, Deepak Ganesan and Prashant Shenoy, Ultra-Low Power Storage for Sensor Networks, Poster at TinyOS Technology eXchange (TTX), Stanford CA, Jan 2006.